The Most Common Jobs for Cisco CCNP Certified Professionals 

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The economy might still be limping along, but the IT industry remains as healthy as ever. IT outsourcing companies have become popular in recent years, but larger companies from hospitals to manufacturers are also hiring for a continually growing workforce of in-house IT professionals. If anything, the high job demand present in the early ’00s has increased since the 2008 recession. Networking, a distinct career path in IT, remains one of the main stays.

Cisco Certified Network Professional

CCNP certification requires IT employees to pass three exams: ROUTE, SWITCH, and TSHOOT. The CCNP certification asserts that the professional knows how to install, repair, and maintain Cisco networking equipment. They can design local and wide area networks, create virtual networks, and can integrate voice and video services.
Although there are dozens of networking certifications, CCNP certification remains in demand due to the prevalence of Cisco networking equipment, the difficulty of the exam and the fact that people who can work on Cisco routers, can pretty much work on the majority of the competition’s routers. CCNP certification holders often pursue other Cisco certifications including CCDP, which focuses on designing networking, and CCNP variants like CCNP Security and CCNP Wireless. These additional certifications provide CCNP certified professionals with clear specialization and advancement opportunities.

Network Engineer

Network engineers ensure that their networks always run smoothly. They must understand the ins and outs of networking from infrastructure to security, and they help organize the company’s various networking teams. A network engineer does a little bit of everything from helping to design the network to making sure that end-users can connect and aren’t running into significant congestion.

Systems Engineers

Systems engineers are similar to network engineers, but they typically focus more on designing and installing networks rather than monitoring them. Both systems and network engineers lead networking teams. They organize projects and help out where needed, and they keep track of a company’s networking infrastructure. Because systems and network engineers have very similar jobs, the two titles are often used interchangeably.

Network Technician

Technicians handle the day-to-day tasks of running a network. There will often be some overlap between an engineer’s duties and those of a technician, but for the most part, technicians are responsible for repairing equipment like routers, installing new cables, and troubleshooting problems on the spot. Technicians can configure routers at the end-user’s location and install software, and they can also assist network and systems engineers in installing new infrastructure.
For complex and difficult problems, technicians can escalate the issue to network engineers or administrators, who are typically more experienced and are better equipped to handle such problems. Technicians should have a firm understanding of networking protocols and equipment standards, and they need to have the patience and expertise required to diagnose and solve common networking issues.
Network administrators are similar to both network engineers and network technicians. They work directly with the end-user to solve local issues, but they also monitor the entire network. Administrators tend to have greater access within a network to diagnose issues and solve them, so technicians will often turn to network administrators for problems they cannot solve themselves.

Support Engineer

Support engineers fulfill a very different role. Instead of visiting job sites directly, they offer phone, live chat, or e-mail support for clients. They still need to understand networking protocols and equipment, but they won’t repair faulty equipment themselves.
They should have strong communications skills to communicate clearly with end-users of varying technical backgrounds including clients who may know little or nothing about the products or services they are using. Some support engineers will also use remote access services to view client computer and router information and troubleshoot software and hardware issues.
Like network technicians, support engineers will occasionally escalate difficult issues to network engineers and administrators, but they can resolve most support tickets on their own. They will also need to instruct clients on how to operate their equipment and perform updates.

 UNIX/Linux Beginners Guide ( Day 1 )

UNIX Introduction

What is UNIX?

UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.
UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment. However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no windows interface available, for example, in a telnet session.

Types of UNIX

There are many different versions of UNIX, although they share common similarities. The most popular varieties of UNIX are Sun Solaris, GNU/Linux, and MacOS X.
Here in the School, we use Solaris on our servers and workstations, and Fedora Linux on the servers and desktop PCs.

The UNIX operating system

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs.

The kernel

The kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls.
As an illustration of the way that the shell and the kernel work together, suppose a user types rm myfile (which has the effect of removing the file myfile). The shell searches the filestore for the file containing the program rm, and then requests the kernel, through system calls, to execute the program rm on myfile. When the process rm myfile has finished running, the shell then returns the UNIX prompt % to the user, indicating that it is waiting for further commands.

The shell

The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the login program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line interpreter (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carried out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems).
The adept user can customise his/her own shell, and users can use different shells on the same machine. Staff and students in the school have the tcsh shell by default.
The tcsh shell has certain features to help the user inputting commands.
Filename Completion - By typing part of the name of a command, filename or directory and pressing the [Tab] key, the tcsh shell will complete the rest of the name automatically. If the shell finds more than one name beginning with those letters you have typed, it will beep, prompting you to type a few more letters before pressing the tab key again.
History - The shell keeps a list of the commands you have typed in. If you need to repeat a command, use the cursor keys to scroll up and down the list or type history for a list of previous commands.

Files and processes

Everything in UNIX is either a file or a process.
A process is an executing program identified by a unique PID (process identifier).
A file is a collection of data. They are created by users using text editors, running compilers etc.
Examples of files:

• a document (report, essay etc.)
• the text of a program written in some high-level programming language
• instructions comprehensible directly to the machine and incomprehensible to a casual user, for example, a collection of binary digits (an executable or binary file);
• a directory, containing information about its contents, which may be a mixture of other directories (subdirectories) and ordinary files.

The Directory Structure

All the files are grouped together in the directory structure. The file-system is arranged in a hierarchical structure, like an inverted tree. The top of the hierarchy is traditionally called root (written as a slash / )

In the diagram above, we see that the home directory of the undergraduate student "ee51vn" contains two sub-directories (docs and pics) and a file called report.doc.
The full path to the file report.doc is "/home/its/ug1/ee51vn/report.doc"

Starting an UNIX terminal

To open an UNIX terminal window, click on the "Terminal" icon from Applications/Accessories menus.

An UNIX Terminal window will then appear with a % prompt, waiting for you to start entering commands.